4/30/2023 0 Comments Hallucination experimentIn these cases, the voices perceived by the patient usually have an imperative tone and remarked their feelings of guilt. The Severe depressive-type affective psychoses Can also provoke verbal auditory hallucinations. In this way, the patient can perceive voices of persons known or unknown who comment on their own acts or dialogue with him directly. Wernicke Denominated this type of hallucinations like phonemes, and indicated that they usually appear with a more threatening and imperative tone, especially in people who suffer schizophrenia. In addition, an individual may suffer both types of hallucinations simultaneously. They can acquire two forms of presentation: verbal and nonverbal. Verbal auditory hallucinationsĪuditory hallucinations are the ones that occur more frequently, especially in psychotic subjects, which is why they have also received more scientific attention during the last years. The person who suffers from it absolutely believes in it and is not able to control or alter its appearance. In this way, the hallucination makes a Psychotic alteration. The lack of control allows to distinguish the hallucination of other images or sounds experienced, and refers to the impossibility of altering or diminishing the experience by the simple desire or will of the person. 3- It is not susceptible of being directed or controlled by who suffers it Pseudoalucination is a phenomenon similar to hallucination that appears motivated by dissociation but in which the person is more or less able to separate his pseudoalucination from reality. Thus, to affirm the presence of a hallucination, the person who suffers it must have the conviction that what is experienced has its origin outside the person and has a real character. This second criterion allows to differentiate the hallucination of another very similar phenomenon, the pseudoalucination. 2- It has all the strength and impact of the corresponding real perception However, in a hallucination the person's voice does not appear after the misinterpretation of a real stimulus, but the element heard is produced solely by the brain activity. However, in hallucination there are only internal causes, so there is no real stimulus that motivates the appearance of what is perceived.įor example, in an illusion you can confuse the noise of a fan with the voice of a person and think that someone is whispering something. In the illusion are involved both internal and external influences, a fact that produces a misinterpretation of a real stimulus. This first criterion allows to differentiate between illusion and hallucination, two concepts that can easily be confused. In order to adequately distinguish hallucinations from other symptoms, Slade and Bentall, two cognitive authors, proposed three main criteria.ġ- Any experience similar to the perception that occurs in the absence of an appropriate stimulus In fact, hallucinations constitute a type of perceptual alteration, however these may also adopt other forms of presentation and manifest different characteristics. It is necessary to take into account that not all the perceptive alterations make a hallucination. These authors interpreted hallucination as a phenomenon of belief, of judgment and, therefore, considered it as a disorder of an intellectual nature.įrom this perspective, hallucinations cease to be a perceptive disorder and begin to acquire connotations of judgment and belief, so that it begins to be conceptualized as disorders of thought and to relate to delusions.Īt present, it is considered that hallucinations constitute an alteration of both thinking and perception, which is why both factors are involved in conceptualizing these symptoms. In this line, it is also necessary to emphasize the conceptualization of the hallucinations realized by the authors who investigated this phenomenon under what is known as intellectualist stance. Thus, for many years now, hallucinations are considered mental alterations that respond to an abnormal functioning of the Brain structures. "The activity of the brain is so intense that the visionary, the person who hallucinates, gives body and reality to the images that the memory Remember without the intervention of the senses,"commented the French professional very correctly. This appreciation served for the first time to postulate perceptual distortions as a brain phenomenon foreign to the functioning of the senses. The first definition of hallucination appeared in 1832 from the hand of Jean Étienn Dominique Esquirol, A French physician who related perceptual distortions to brain functioning.Įsquirol conceptualized the hallucination in the following terms"in hallucinations everything happens in the brain". Typically, this type of symptomatology is associated with schizophrenia, However, hallucinations may appear in other mental disorders and as a direct effect of other causes.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |